First and foremost, some definitions are required. Ancient Damascus blades were not made from Damascus steel, they were made from Wootz steel that was produced in India and exported to Damascus where the blades were made, so really, Damascus STEEL isn't a thing, but Damascus BLADES are. Modern "Damascus Steel" is not produced in the same way that the ancient Wootz steel was (it's still a mystery, but the microstructure found in the ancient blades shows a significant difference in elemental composition and microstructure found in modern blades), and it uses a process called Pattern Welding. Pattern Welding is, essentially, a process where different types of steel ( see this post about steel phases ) are welded together and heated, folded, and stretched (kind of like kneading dough ingredients together) repeatedly to create a visible pattern of the different steels and work-harden the steel (I guess I'll have to do a post about work-hardening) to improve its mechani...
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